Assyro AI
US FDAUnited StatesALApproval Letter

Approval Letter Other (Nov 13, 2025)

Issued November 13, 2025

Issued

November 13, 2025

Application

Other

Review center

Other

Stage

Final Decision

Letter type

Approval Letter

Response due November 13, 2026Product may be marketed.

Summary

This is a Complete Response Letter from the FDA to AcelRx Pharmaceuticals, Inc. regarding their New Drug Application (NDA) 209128 for DSUVIA (sufentanil sublingual tablet). The FDA has determined that the application cannot be approved in its present form due to deficiencies related to safety, human factors, prescribing information, proprietary name, Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS), safety update requirements, and container/carton labeling.

Key points

  • Collect additional safety data in at least 50 patients with postoperative pain sufficient to evaluate the safety of Dsuvia for a period following the maximum dosing proposed.
  • Develop mitigation strategies to address the risk of dropped sufentanil tablets.
  • Conduct another Human Factors (HF) validation study to demonstrate the effectiveness of recommended mitigation strategies and ensure no new risks are introduced.
  • Incorporate specific changes to the Directions for Use (DFU) user interface, including revising step 6 into two separate steps, labeling parts of the mouth in figures, and labeling each figure with references in written instructions.
  • Replace simplified graphics on the back of the foil pouch with the complete DFU (written instruction with revised and labeled graphics) such that it cannot be easily separated or discarded.
  • Review labeling review resources on PLR Requirements for Prescribing Information and Pregnancy and Lactation Labeling Final Rule websites.
  • Use the Selected Requirements for Prescribing Information (SRPI) checklist to ensure prescribing information conforms with format items in regulations and guidances.
  • Include updated content of labeling [21 CFR 314.50(l)(1)(i)] in structured product labeling (SPL) format in any revised labeling.

Cited reasons

  • Insufficient Safety Data at Maximum Dosing
  • Inadequate Human Factors Validation and Risk Mitigation
  • Prescribing Information Not Finalized
  • Proprietary Name Resubmission Required
  • REMS Discussion Pending Complete Response
  • Comprehensive Safety Update Required
  • Container Label and Carton Labeling Comments
  • The application for DSUVIA cannot be approved in its present form due to insufficient clinical safety data at maximum proposed dosing, inadequate human factors validation regarding the risk of dropped tablets and user interface design, and pending resolution of labeling and REMS requirements. Additional data and design changes are required.

Recommended actions

  • Collect additional safety data in at least 50 patients with postoperative pain sufficient to evaluate the safety of Dsuvia for a period following the maximum dosing proposed.
  • Develop mitigation strategies to address the risk of dropped sufentanil tablets.
  • Conduct another Human Factors (HF) validation study to demonstrate the effectiveness of recommended mitigation strategies and ensure no new risks are introduced.
  • Incorporate specific changes to the Directions for Use (DFU) user interface, including revising step 6 into two separate steps, labeling parts of the mouth in figures, and labeling each figure with references in written instructions.
  • Replace simplified graphics on the back of the foil pouch with the complete DFU (written instruction with revised and labeled graphics) such that it cannot be easily separated or discarded.
  • Review labeling review resources on PLR Requirements for Prescribing Information and Pregnancy and Lactation Labeling Final Rule websites.
  • Use the Selected Requirements for Prescribing Information (SRPI) checklist to ensure prescribing information conforms with format items in regulations and guidances.
  • Include updated content of labeling [21 CFR 314.50(l)(1)(i)] in structured product labeling (SPL) format in any revised labeling.

Deficiency summary

The application for DSUVIA cannot be approved in its present form due to insufficient clinical safety data at maximum proposed dosing, inadequate human factors validation regarding the risk of dropped tablets and user interface design, and pending resolution of labeling and REMS requirements. Additional data and design changes are required.

Findings

Insufficient Safety Data at Maximum Dosing

Severity: critical

The safety database, while suitable in patient number, lacked sufficient patients dosed at the maximum amount described in the proposed labeling to adequately assess the safety of Dsuvia, especially considering the nearly 4-fold increase in exposure and more than 2-fold increase in maximum concentration at steady state.

Recommended response: Collect additional safety data in at least 50 patients with postoperative pain sufficient to evaluate the safety of Dsuvia for a period following the maximum dosing proposed.

Inadequate Human Factors Validation and Risk Mitigation

Severity: critical

The human factors validation study data did not demonstrate that the user interface supports safe and effective use. Failures resulting in dropped sufentanil tablets pose risks for accidental exposure, improper dosing, and diversion, which were deemed unacceptable without proposed additional mitigation measures.

Recommended response: Develop mitigation strategies to address the risk of dropped sufentanil tablets. Conduct another HF validation study to demonstrate the effectiveness of recommended mitigation strategies and ensure no new risks. Incorporate specific changes to the Directions for Use (DFU) and Pouch Package design.

Prescribing Information Not Finalized

Severity: major

Final comments on the proposed labeling are reserved until the application is otherwise adequate. The applicant is encouraged to review PLR requirements and use the SRPI checklist to ensure conformity with format items in regulations and guidances.

Recommended response: Update content of labeling in structured product labeling (SPL) format, ensuring compliance with PLR requirements and the SRPI checklist.

Cited: 21 CFR 314.50(l)(1)(i)

Proprietary Name Resubmission Required

Severity: minor

The proposed proprietary name DSUVIA was found acceptable pending approval of the application in the current review cycle. It must be resubmitted when responding to the application deficiencies.

Recommended response: Resubmit the proposed proprietary name with the complete response to the application deficiencies.

REMS Discussion Pending Complete Response

Severity: major

A Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS) will be necessary for DSUVIA, if approved, to ensure benefits outweigh the risk of respiratory depression from accidental exposure. Further discussion of the proposed REMS will occur after the complete response to this action letter has been submitted.

Recommended response: Submit a complete response to the deficiencies to allow for continued discussion and finalization of the proposed REMS.

Cited: Section 505-1 of the FDCA

Comprehensive Safety Update Required

Severity: major

A comprehensive safety update, as described in 21 CFR 314.50(d)(5)(vi)(b), is required with the response. This includes data from all nonclinical and clinical studies, significant changes in safety profile, updated adverse event tabulations, and worldwide experience.

Recommended response: Include a safety update as described in 21 CFR 314.50(d)(5)(vi)(b) when responding to the deficiencies.

Cited: 21 CFR 314.50(d)(5)(vi)(b)

Container Label and Carton Labeling Comments

Severity: minor

Final comments on proposed container and carton labeling are reserved until the application is otherwise adequate. Specific recommendations were provided for the single dose applicator container label (e.g., including all required information, expiration date), pouch labeling (readability, adding patient instructions), and carton labeling (readability).

Recommended response: Incorporate recommended changes to container and carton labeling for improved readability and completeness, ensuring all required information is present.

Cited: 21 CFR 201.10(i)

Regulatory context

Submission stage
final decision
Regulatory pathway
505(b)(2) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FDCA)

Impact

Impact score
0.95
Estimated delay
228 days
Estimated rework cost
$0
Subsequent action
resubmission

Strategic insights

The DSUVIA application received a Complete Response due to critical deficiencies in clinical safety data at maximum dosing and human factors validation, specifically concerning the risk of dropped tablets. Resolution of these core issues, along with comprehensive safety updates and finalization of labeling and REMS, is required for potential approval.

Regulatory change impact: Pending sponsor mitigation plan

Approval likelihood after response: 5%

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